Archive for the 'Community' Category

Walking a mile in someone else’s shoes

Old shoesphoto © 2010 William Lawrence | more info (via: Wylio)Don’t judge until you’ve walked a mile in her shoes.  It’s more than a handy one-liner according to University of Georgia researchers. In an upcoming Journal of Poverty article, academics Sharon Y. Nichols and Robb Nielson detail a social experiment that placed undergraduates in a lab environment simulation of a variety of hardship conditions.

As detailed in a press release on the study:

During the simulation, students in Nickols’ course on managing family resources are clustered into various family groups—two parents and two children; an older woman living alone; a single mother with two children; and a cohabiting couple, for example. Faculty members and other volunteers play the roles of community members, such as the town banker, pawn shop owner and a social services employee. During the course of the simulation, the participants must accomplish a variety of tasks, including buying groceries, paying their bills and caring for both toddlers and aging parents while subsisting on low wages and other issues, such as being unable to speak English. During the course of each 15-minute “month,” new situations are randomly interjected. In some cases, these are helpful events, such as an unemployed parent receiving a job. In other cases, the events add to the families’ difficulties, such as a family without health insurance facing illness.

The vast majority of participants (65 of 75) reported greater empathy for those living in poverty — acknowledging the difficulty in staying positive and hopeful, the challenge in finding and accessing community and government resources, and the sheer lack of time to get it all done. One respondent commented, “I think that many people would feel like they were on a treadmill, not really getting anywhere.”

What strikes me most about this research is the difficulty we all have in stepping outside our own privileges and situations to consider the lives of those around us.  In Stumbling on Happiness, Daniel Gilbert details how the human brain fills the gaps to create a complete picture much like a round of Mad Libs.

When your brain is at liberty to interpret a stimulus in more than one way, it tends to interpret it the way it wants to, which is to say that your preferences influence your interpretations of stimuli in just the same way that context, frequency and recency do (p. 172; emphasis mine).

So it’s hard to intuit the motivations and triggers behind another person’s actions or lack thereof, since we only bring our experiences and knowledge to the table.  Thus it’s important to approach the grey areas of life with the caution that self-awareness can bring.

Over the past few weeks socially conservative Republicans have engaged in heated rhetoric meant to use abortion as a wedge issue during budget negotiations, particularly where Planned Parenthood funding is concerned.  The predominantly aging, white male politicians railing against access to pregnancy termination services repeatedly iterated the existence of alternatives to the preventative care provided by Planned Parenthood with little regard for the actual veracity of those claims. *

I wonder how much consideration was given to the constituents in their districts that relay on these services before politicization of the funding began.   Journalist Andrea Grimes decided to seek out those allegedly easily accessible alternatives. She reported on the difficulty and time commitment necessary to find basic health screenings when myriad providers don’t ever answer the phone or call back, print resources are out of date or filled with misinformation and available appointments are frequently months off despite a present need.

On the advice of a anti-abortion activist commentator on her blog, Grimes sought out other federally-funded health centers.

I am privileged to have a flexible work schedule, home phone and home internet access, so I didn’t have to take time off work to go to the public library and use a pay phone, and I didn’t have to sneak around on a conservative, religious or abusive family or partner–and started making calls. Most places I telephoned did not provide reproductive health care and instead focused on providing low-income housing, job training and addiction-recovery programs…

a clinic close-ish to my home had no receptionist and a full voicemail. Another receptionist laughed at me because I’d been given the number for the county hospital front desk and told me to call a place called Los Barrios Unidos Community Clinic. When I called Los Barrios, I got an individual’s voice mail and had to take down another number to a switchboard, after which I was transferred to another voicemail that said the women’s health care folks would get back to me in 24 hours if I left my phone number. They’ve yet to call me. Later in the morning, I finally got through to the Los Barrios clinic in Grand Prairie, which is a western suburb of Dallas. They had appointments open in May, potentially, if I could call them back the morning of April 25th. There, a pap smear would cost me as little as $30, but maybe more depending on my income.

I made my last call to a Planned Parenthood clinic in central Dallas. The receptionist there told me they could schedule me that same afternoon for a full pelvic and breast exam. It’d be about $100, but there was a sliding scale.

I managed to change someone’s mind about the relevance of Planned Parenthood in rural and other underserved areas merely by forwarding along Grimes’s blog post.  She made a compelling case for Planned Parenthood’s value by acting as if one of the five million women, men and young adults who rely on those services.

There are countless other policy issues addressing people who are otherwise marginalized or less powerful, whole needs are equally important.

And without our own day-to-day lives, understanding is sometimes better realized by setting aside our own limiting beliefs and embracing different perspectives that might not come naturally.

* I’m going to give those politicos the benefit of the doubt and assume they truly believe alternative access to care is easily accessible and that secondary philosophical beliefs about the role of women and acceptable sexual expression aren’t also at work.

1 in 5 are heroes

Super Hero Prisonphoto © 2010 Cameron Russell | more info (via: Wylio)Stanford’s Center for Compassion and Altruism Research and Education sponsored a study that found the rate of everyday heroism.   Nearly 4000 adults were asked “Have you ever done something that other people — not necessarily you yourself — considered a heroic act or deed?”

Researcher Philip Zimbardo, of Stanford prison experiment notoriety, found that 20% of respondents met the definition of a hero: “they had helped during a dangerous emergency, taken a stand against injustice, or sacrificed for a stranger.”

Interestingly, Hispanics and African-Americans are twice as likely to report heroic behavior — though follow up research is necessary to establish the reason/s why.

Unsurprisingly, heroes noted regular volunteerism or felt the impact of tragedy or disaster first hand; empathy clearly plays a role.  When someone in your community is at risk, and you have the power to make a positive impact, it’s hard to simply walk away.

Lynn Stout’s research focuses on putting such prosocial behavior front-and-center in policy debates.  When factoring in studies like the Stanford prison experiment and Stanley Milgram’s shock research,  a Jekyl/Hyde syndrome emerges with several factors determining whether people are apt to work for self gain or the greater good.  Of them, people are willing to act at a (potential) cost to themselves when the benefits to the community outweigh the cost.

The opportunity to step up isn’t so unusual.  And old fashioned peer pressure, just by living by example, can make prosocial reactions and actions the norm.

No helping hand to people perceived at fault

Homeless. Hungry. But at least I got a new coffee can. Please help, okay?photo © 2009 Ed Yourdon | more info (via: Wylio)Fundraisers have long seen that natural disasters are more compelling reasons for making a situational charitable donation than tragedies sourced to some sort of human incompetence or malfeasance.  Hurricane Katrina, the earthquakes in Chile and Haiti and the Indian Ocean tsunami on 2004 had donors breaking out their checkbooks and credits cards to give what they could to those whose homes had been obliterated.

But giving during last summer’s Gulf Oil spill didn’t see an outpouring of financial support.  BP and friends were quickly tagged as responsible by spectators and the government, which left Gulf Coast Residents on their own.

A recently published study in the European Journal of Social Psychology shows this bias in play. Holloway University researchers found subjects more willing to provide assistance to those suffering from natural disasters than man-made ones in 4 different scenarios.

“People perceive victims of humanly caused events in more negative terms, even when there is no information available about the victims’ blameworthiness,” Zagefka and her colleagues conclude. “This amounts to a systemic bias against people suffering from humanly caused disasters.”

The researchers attribute this unfortunate tendency to the Just World Hypothesis, which asserts that humans are strongly inclined to view the world as fundamentally fair, orderly and predictable. To defend this belief, “Potential donors are motivated to blame the victims when given the slightest chance,” they write.

That same attitude seems to apply to the social safety net that politicians argue endlessly about.  Post welfare reform in the 90s,  Americans who struggle to make ends meet are more likely to be demonized by politicians looking to score a quick rhetorical point or to save money via safety net budget cuts than they are to receive a helping hand in their community.

More than 15 million Americans are unemployed. 1 in 8 Americans is on food stamps.   One in 5 children lives below the poverty level. And roughly 1 percent of Americans will spend part of any given year homeless.

Some would have us believe those numbers are because a segment of the population hasn’t been making the effort to succeed, so it’s not my problem.

But how do we appropriately assign responsibility for poor life outcomes and provide the necessary support to break the cycles of poverty and crime, when we instinctively blame the person stuck in the cycle?  How do we acknowledge the contribution of the circumstances that led to a person becoming a sad statistic, so that we can begin to correct those common injustices for the next generation?

Wealth desensitizes people to the bonds between us all

In “The Rise of the New Global Elite,” The Atlantic’s Chrystia Freeland investigates the lives of the upper-echelon businesspersons  whose work means globetrotting, hobnobbing with their income-equals and a feeling of victimization (because policy makers challenge their financial success in the name of economic crisis and the growing inequality gap). Today’s uber-wealthy are earning the old fashioned way.

In 1916, the richest 1 percent of Americans received only one-fifth of their income from paid work; in 2004, that figure had risen threefold, to 60 percent.

And overall, they’re less sympathetic to those who aren’t self-made.

For the super-elite, a sense of meritocratic achievement can inspire high self-regard, and that self-regard—especially when compounded by their isolation among like-minded peers—can lead to obliviousness and indifference to the suffering of others.

And it’s an attitude that is bearing out in research as well. Because the elites spend so much time with their socioeconomic peers, they’ve lost touch with the struggles of the Average American. When you can throw money at jet shares and homes in exotic locales, money may define your key relationships rather than community interdependency.   While a group of PTA moms bond over carpool schedules and football games, the business elite are trying to out-status each other.  And it shows.

A recent study published by the Association for Psychological Science found that subjects from top education or socioeconomic status levels were less able to read the emotions of people in photos or simulated interviews than those from lower education and socioeconomic tiers.

Earlier studies have suggested that those in the lower classes, unable to simply hire others, rely more on neighbors or relatives for things like a ride to work or child care. As a result, the authors propose, they have to develop more effective social skills — ones that will engender good will.

The differences do not end there.  Living in the lap of luxury may actually impact the capacity for business leaders to act responsibly in the workplace.  A recently released Harvard Business School paper found that:

people who were made to think about luxury prior to the decision-making task have a higher tendency to endorse self-interested decisions that might potentially harm others.

In a follow up experiment, after viewing either luxury or affordable items, subjects were asked to complete a word recognition exercise involving blended pro- and anti-social words together.  While each group scored about the same on anti-social words  (like “rude, stingy, and selfish”), but the group that saw luxury items before the exercise saw fewer pro-social words (nice, giving, and helpful). Researchers concluded that the respondents prepped with luxury items in each case were primarily thinking of themselves, not others.

If these studies are applied to the business world, the self-concerned may be making decisions affecting profit and personal gain with little concern for the people that could be adversely impacted by any of the options on the table. A life of luxury could be making it harder to make decisions with broader positive impact. Considering Wall Street’s fight against tighter regulations and the banking industry’s foreclosure mills, it doesn’t take much to make the leap from the research to its real world implications.

That research puts the anecdotal indifference in Freeland’s Atlantic article in a new light.

In a recent internal debate, [a hedge fund CEO] said, one of his senior colleagues had argued that the hollowing-out of the American middle class didn’t really matter. “His point was that if the transformation of the world economy lifts four people in China and India out of poverty and into the middle class, and meanwhile means one American drops out of the middle class, that’s not such a bad trade,” the CEO recalled.

Certainly, the power of luxury over social and environmental circumstance is also being tested.   Last year, several dozen of America’s billionaire’s made  The Giving Pledge to donate “the majority of their wealth to the philanthropic causes and charitable organizations of their choice either during their lifetime or after their death.”

The question is how to make larger community considerations the standard, not the exception?

Social technology: relationship hype or helper?

Settimana Internet @ Roma - 25 giugno, Internet e Anzianiphoto © 2009 Codice Internet | more info (via: Wylio)
Over at Brass Tack Thinking, Amber Naslund took to her blog to stress that virtual relationships are as valuable and meaningful as real world ones.

Human relationships have many facets. When they’re real, they’re not real because of the things we use to cultivate them. They’re real because the human bond is there, the connection that extends beyond the means. No tool, website, or thingamajig can take that away, and none can replace it entirely. When it happens, that bond between people – either personal or professional – is as real and genuine as the individuals themselves.

I’d echo the sentiments.

I’ve lived in a lot of places over the last 15 years, and as I, and my friends, have relocated we’ve taken to the technology of the times to keep our friendships alive. From instant messaging to free weekend minutes to Friendster to LinkedIn to Facebook to Twitter, social technologies have allowed me to stay in touch with people I’ve met in real time and in greater detail than the occasional email would permit.

Had there not been meaningful connections shaped by working, schooling, and playing together, there would be no reason to stay in touch.  Genuine interest in the lives and well-being of  friends exists whether I live 5 minutes on foot or 5 hours by plane away.  I probably interact with more people on a daily basis now than I did just a few years ago because social technology makes it so effortless.

On the flipside, through blogging and twitter, I’ve met a variety of people from around the country and abroad that have enriched my life. Given the scattered geography of my digitally-discovered connections, I likely would never have met them without technology. I know them as well as my real world connections, because of the endless banter that Twitter and Facebook allow.  And I’ll never ceased to be amazed when someone approaches me at a networking event to see if I’m THAT Andrea_Zak.

In fact, I’d argue that virtual relationships have made me a better friend in real time. As someone who has always been a bit guarded with new people, technology created a buffer zone that allowed me to get to know amazing folks.  Given my online connections tend to operate outside my real world social network, open interactions somehow felt safer — even though I realize the converse is probably true.

That distance allowed me to express myself freely in ways I was, at the time, too insecure to express to live people in my presence.  Having that space helped me build up the confidence to hold my values near and dear 24/7, not just when I’m chatting away with a semi-stranger that comments on my blog. Now I’m more likely to make genuine connections with people, because I’m more comfortable sharing of myself and build stronger bonds as a result.

Can the internet be an interminable waste land? You betcha.  But it can also be an electronic coffee clutch that keeps you in the know about the people that matter to you.

Social technology: relationship hype or helper?